rail

CET4TEM4IELTSGRE考研CET6中频词核心词汇

英 [reɪl] 美[rel]

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释义

n. 铁轨；扶手；横杆；围栏

vi. 抱怨；责骂

vt. 铺铁轨；以横木围栏

词态变化

复数: rails;第三人称单数: rails;过去式: railed;过去分词: railed;现在分词: railing;

中文词源

rail 栏杆，横竿，铁轨

来自古法语 reille,柱子，竿，杆，来自拉丁语 regula,直杆，小杆，-ula,小词后缀，来自 regere, 拉直，伸直，词源同 regulate,right.引申词义铁轨。拼写比较 rule,regulate.

英文词源

rail: rail: English has three words rail. The oldest, ‘rod, bar’ [13], comes via Old French reille ‘iron bar’ from Latin rēgula ‘straight stick, rod’, source of English regular and rule. The bird-name rail [15] goes back via Old Northern French raille to Vulgar Latin *rascula, which probably originated in imitation of the bird’s hoarse cry.

And rail ‘complain, be abusive’ [15] comes via Old French railler ‘mock’ and Provençal ralhar ‘scoff’ from Vulgar Latin *ragulāre ‘bray’, an alteration of ragere ‘neigh, roar’. This in turn was a blend of Latin rugīre ‘bellow’ and Vulgar Latin *bragere ‘bray’ (source of English bray [13]). Raillery [17] and rally ‘tease’ [17] come from the same source.
=> regular, rule; bray, rally
rail (n.1): "horizontal bar passing from one post or support to another," c. 1300, from Old French reille "bolt, bar," from Vulgar Latin *regla, from Latin regula "straight stick," diminutive form related to regere "to straighten, guide" (see regal). Used figuratively for thinness from 1872. To be off the rails in a figurative sense is from 1848, an image from the railroads. In U.S. use, "A piece of timber, cleft, hewed, or sawed, inserted in upright posts for fencing" [Webster, 1830].
rail (n.2): "small wading bird," mid-15c., from Old French raale (13c.), related to râler "to rattle," of unknown origin, perhaps imitative of its cry.
rail (v.1): "complain," mid-15c., from Middle French railler "to tease or joke" (15c.), perhaps from Old Provençal ralhar "scoff, to chat, to joke," from Vulgar Latin *ragulare "to bray" (source also of Italian ragghiare "to bray"), from Late Latin ragere "to roar," probably of imitative origin. See rally (v.2). Related: Railed; railing.
rail (v.2): "fence in with rails," late 14c., from rail (n.1). Related: Railed; railing.

双语例句

1. The government is spending billions of dollars on new urban rail projects.: 政府正把数十亿元花在新城市铁路项目上。

2. The rail strike is causing major disruptions at the country's ports.: 铁路罢工使该国港口陷入了一片混乱。

3. The sudden onset of winter caused havoc with rail and air transport.: 冬天的突然降临让铁路和航空运输系统陷入混乱。

4. The president traveled by rail to his home town.: 总统坐火车回到了他的家乡。

5. The gloom deepened after a thumping £45m loss at British Rail.: 英国铁路公司遭受了4,500万英镑的巨额损失后境况更加惨淡。

英英释意

1. a barrier consisting of a horizontal bar and supports

2. short for railway;: "he traveled by rail"; "he was concerned with rail safety"

3. a bar or bars of rolled steel making a track along which vehicles can roll

4. a horizontal bar (usually of wood)

5. any of numerous widely distributed small wading birds of the family Rallidae having short wings and very long toes for running on soft mud

实用场景例句

She leaned on the ship's rail and gazed out to sea.: 她靠着船上的护栏，凝望大海。

a picture/curtain/towel rail: 挂图画 / 窗帘 / 毛巾用的横杆

to travel by rail: 乘火车

rail travel/services/fares: 铁路旅行 / 服务 / 费用

a rail link/network: 铁路连接；铁路网

The company has gone badly off the rails in recent years.: 这家公司最近几年已经陷于严重瘫痪。

She railed against the injustice of it all.: 她大骂此事太不公正。

They had to walk across an emergency footbridge, holding onto a rope that served as a rail...: 他们必须握着一条绳索充当扶手穿过一条紧急人行天桥。

She gripped the hand rail in the lift.: 她紧紧抓着电梯里的扶手。

...frocks hanging from a rail...: 挂在横杆上的连衣裙

This pair of curtains will fit a rail up to 7ft 6in wide.: 这副窗帘需要用7.5英尺宽的横杆挂起。

The train left the rails but somehow forced its way back onto the line.: 火车脱轨了，但总算设法回到了原来的轨道上。

The president traveled by rail to his home town.: 总统坐火车回到了他的家乡。

...the electric rail link between Manchester and Sheffield.: 曼彻斯特和谢菲尔德之间的电气化铁路线

He railed against hypocrisy and greed...: 他痛斥伪善和贪婪的行为。

I'd cursed him and railed at him.: 我曾诅咒并且大声责骂过他。

They are keen to get the negotiating process back on the rails...: 他们热切希望使谈判重新步入正轨。

Her career is back on the rails.: 她的事业得以重振。

They've got to do something about these children because clearly they've gone off the rails.: 他们必须得管管这些孩子了，因为他们实在太不像话了。

This formerly inaccessible place can now be reached by road and rail.: 这里过去是穷乡僻壤,现在铁路公路都畅通了.

The child hung onto the rail like grim death.: 那孩子紧抓住栏杆不放手.

The rail strike is a problem for all commuters.: 铁路员工罢工对所有通勤者来说都是一个问题.

The goods have been consigned by rail.: 货物已交铁路托运.

Our plans were thrown into disarray by the rail strike.: 铁路罢工打乱了我们的计划.

The train jumped the rail.: 火车突然出轨了.

the conveyance of goods by rail: 由火车运输货物

an intercity rail service: 城际铁路运输服务

考试真题

Isn't this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking? And isn't this the generation who say they're concerned about their health and the well-being of the planet? If these are truly the values of many young people, then their behavior doesn't match their beliefs.

The 18th century really was a waterborne (水运的) century, the 19th century a rail century.

with the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery, and logistics (物流) have all been reporting better than expected results

Road and rail links for small towns

As part of the upgrading of its rail yard, Kasselman, who is an inventor and self-proclaimed "steam visionary", is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing ten- kilometer line, driving tourists and perhaps

By rail: the nearest station is Cark-in-cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.

They would have the medicine sent by rail from Anchorage to Nenana.

词组搭配

go off the rails

(informal)begin behaving in a strange, abnormal, or wildly uncontrolled way

(非正式)行为不轨，越轨；出毛病；神经错乱

on the rails

(informal)behaving or functioning in a normal or regulated way

(非正式)在轨道上；顺利，顺遂，正常

he is determined to get the club &B{back on the rails}.
他决心使俱乐部回到正常轨道上来。

(of a racehorse or jockey) in a position on the racetrack nearest the inside fence